Prevention of pediculosis and typhus

Lice are carriers typhus. The disease is characterized by spots on the skin, fever, fever,chills. It provokes disruption of the nervous, circulatory system. The formation of a pulmonary thrombus leads to death. Order 342 for pediculosis provides guidelines for the prevention, treatment of lice to prevent typhus.

Epidemiological, sanitary and hygienic value of lice

The order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on pediculosis contains Appendix No. 4, which provides guidelines for the prevention and control of lice. The number of the order for pediculosis is 342 dated 11/26/1998. The title of the document “On strengthening measures for the prevention of epidemic typhus and the fight against pediculosis”.

The disease is caused by small parasites - licefeeding on human blood. Body length from 1 to 4 mm. Every day the female lays from 4 to 5 eggs. Nits attach to the hair closer to the roots. How do lice and nits on the hairpresented in the photo.

Insect saliva contains an enzyme that thins blood, facilitates the process of nutrition. The special substance is a strong allergen. An increase in the concentration of the allergen in a person’s blood leads to an allergic reaction, which is manifested by severe itching, irritation of the skin.

Pediculosis

Main headache symptoms:

• itching with signs of scratching, an allergic reaction in the form of a rash, redness on the skin;
• hardened skin due to numerous bites, the presence of parasite saliva;
• pigmentation of the epidermis due to inflammation of the skin after lice bites;
• Koltun appears in rare cases with prolonged lice, when combing, hair is knocked together in a ball, glued together by serous formation, create crusts under which weeping eczema is found.

Pathogenic microorganisms penetrate into open wounds, a secondary infection joins. Inflammation, suppuration, infection begins. With strong pediculosis lymph nodes increase, body temperature rises slightly.

Spread of disease

Pediculosis causes several types of parasites:

• head lice;
• cootie;
• pubic louse.

According to the documentation, the first 2 types of parasites are carriers of typhus, relapsing fever, Volyn fever.

The causative agent of the disease enters the gastrointestinal tract of the insect through infected human blood. Abnormal cells do not harm lice, are contained in their bodies until the end of life, but are not transmitted by females to the new generation.

The virus gets on the skin of a person with insect excrements, infection occurs through wounds. On clothes, the infection persists for up to 3 months. In this way, typhus, the Volyn fever, is transmitted.

On a note!

The probability of infection increases many times and almost always leads to the acute development of the disease during the crushing of insects. Infected blood of parasites enters directly into the human body through wounds, scratching.

Pubic lice in humans provoke only severe itching, sores on the skin. Other dangerous diseases do not entail.

The incubation period of pediculosis is 10-14 days. During this time, a new generation of lice appears. Increasing itching causes discomfort, attracts attention. Considering rapid reproduction of liceBy the end of the month after infection, a whole population of parasites lives on the head.

Organizing and conducting activities to combat pediculosis

The Ministry of Health includes a set of measures aimed at improving the sanitary and hygienic conditions, the epidemiological situation in public institutions and organizations. As well as specific activities for pediculosis treatment in infected persons. The order for pediculosis gives guidelines for the identification, prevention, treatment. The organization and conduct of measures to combat pediculosis is carried out by medical workers.

Warning lice

Warning lice

• Conduct scheduled inspections of the population. It is carried out by medical workers. Held in preschool institutions, schools, dormitories, nursing homes, boarding schools and other public organizations.
• Providing the necessary conditions to prevent lice in the team. Sanitary inspection rooms, baths, laundries, showers, hot water.
• Availability of medical personnel for examinations.
• Organization of events in the foci of infection pediculosis.
• Implementation of advocacy work.

Regulations on pediculosis explain that individuals are infected who have dead, live lice, dry, full-fledged nits.

Each case is subject to registration. Information is transmitted to the sanitary-epidemiological service of the Russian Federation. The patient is not allowed to visit public places for 2 weeks. During this time, he must undergo a full treatment.At the site of infection, examinations are conducted for a whole month, every 10 days.

Persons to be inspected

• students of higher educational institutions, vocational schools. 4 times a year selectively or completely. Mandatory examination at the beginning, end of the school year, after the holidays;
• students of schools, boarding schools, kindergartens;
• children going on holiday to camps, sanatoriums, medical clinics;
• employees of enterprises, organizations, institutions;
• patients admitted to the hospital;
• residents of dormitories, communal apartments;
• medical workers, attendants.

Inspection is carried out in a well-lit place using a magnifying glass, magnifying glass. Particular attention is paid to the hair in the temples, forehead, neck. In these places, lice lay eggs-nits, which remain on the hair, even after the appearance of larvae. The absence of lice does not suggest that the disease is at the completion stage.

Responsibility for carrying out treatment and preventive measures lies with the administration and management. Registration of the inspection results takes place according to the decision of the Ministry of Health.

Prevention of pediculosis and typhus

Prevention of pediculosis

It is in compliance with sanitary standards. According to the order of the Ministry of Health, it is recommended:

• regular body wash, head at least 1 time in 10 days;
• bed linen change as it gets dirty, but at least 2 times a month;
• regular washing of clothes with ironing with steam;
• hair cutting, daily combing;
• cleaning outer clothing, proper storage;
• wet cleaning in the house;
• keeping the interior clean.

If you find lice, nits fight with head lice conducted simultaneously on the body, clothing, indoors. All people living under the same roof are treated as well. sanitary treatment of the apartment.

Disinfection measures - instruction

The fight is a complex, including mechanical, physical, chemical methods.

1. In case of insignificant infection with clothes lice, clothes, underwear are boiled, ironed with steam iron. When breeding underwear lice a special place is given to the seams, folds.
2. When lice are found on the head from 1 to 10 units, taking into account nits, the Ministry of Health suggests using a mechanical method. Pre-moistened head vinegar solution. To 1 liter of water 200 ml of the substance. A plastic bag is put on the head; after 20 minutes, adult lice are manually picked, nits combed out comb with fine teeth. A cotton cord or thread, which is abundantly moistened in a solution of vinegar, is passed between the teeth.
3. Such a method of killing as cutting the hair, an extremely short haircut is allowed. Hair is collected in a bag, paper, burned.
4. If lice are found on a person's body, it is necessary to wash in hot water using detergent. Things bedding washed. Monitor availability underwear lice bites. If they appear, hold the event again.

Insecticide use

Insecticide use

If the body is severely damaged by any kind of lice, the RF health authority recommends the use of insecticidal lice preparations. You can not use funds for pregnant women, children under 5 years old, people with individual intolerance, with open wounds on the skin.

For the treatment of the hairy body use:

• 0.15% solution of malathion;
• benzyl benzoate emulsion;
• 5% boric ointment;
• lotions Nittifor, Nitilon, Lontsid;
• shampoo Veda;
• Nuda remedy;
• Medyfox;
• pyrethrum powder;
• tar soap;
• dust soap.

Means maintain on hair from 20 to 40 minutes. Rinse with warm water, rinse with vinegar solution. The duration of the treatment of pediculosis is 2-4 weeks.

For the treatment of things using a 2% solution of soda ash. Soak for 15 minutes. Iron iron with steam, paying particular attention to the folds, seams. In addition to soda, you can use:

• 50% concentrate of Carbofos, Sulfidofos;
• 1% dust Neopin, Bifetrin-P, Vitar;
• Medifox-Super;
• pyrethrum powder;
• 20% soap and water kerosene emulsion.

Re-processing is carried out in 2 weeks. The goal is to prevent the new generation of lice from reproducing offspring. Insecticides do not affect eggs. To destroy them, you need to wait until the larvae get out. In an adult individual nymphs turn in 7 days. Re-treatment 14 days after the first procedure allows you to destroy all living lice. The development of lice stops.

Pediculosis tablets

Used in special cases in strong foci of infection. Use the drug Butadion. Tablets are taken orally after meals. Adults appoint 0.15 g per day, 2 days in a row. The action lasts 14 days. Children under 4 years old drug is contraindicated.With 5 years, the dosage is set based on body weight, age. Reception is carried out three times a day, two days. Dosage from 0.05 to 0.10 mg per time.

A substance that is dangerous to the life of insects appears in human blood. The entire population is gradually dying out. Repeated inspection carried out on the expiration of the drug.

The drug causes side effects - indigestion, sleep disturbance, irritation of the nervous system. It is used in special cases if other methods cannot give the desired result.

Security measures

Before using any drug you need to test for individual intolerance. The minimum amount of funds applied to the elbow bend, leave for 1 hour. The appearance of red spots, irritation, rashes, itching, burning, is the basis for refusing to use.

When using insecticides need to protect the skin. To carry out the treatment in rubber gloves, put a bandage on the patient's forehead. Ensure that the product does not get into the mouth, nose, eyes. In contact with mucous membranes wash the drug with running water. If the product has got into the mouth, drink activated charcoal and rinse with soda solution.

Signs of poisoning:

• weakness;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• dizziness;
• lack of oxygen;
• heat in the head;
• shiver;
• abdominal pain;
• the blueness of the lips;
• blanching of the skin.

It is necessary to immediately wash out the agent, bring the person to fresh air, give activated carbon, call an ambulance.

New order for pediculosis is based on action order 342. It makes some adjustments in the use of insecticidal drugs. The disease is not fatal to life, but nonetheless head lice is dangerous and entails serious consequences. It promotes the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, leads to the breakdown of the nervous system, spoils the reputation in society.